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| Previous Nomenclature | Centrioles |
| Description | Distinct centrosomes/centrioles (1-2/cell) in cytoplasm and at the poles of mitotic spindle |
| Antigen Association | pericentrin, ninein, Cep250, Cep110, α-enolase, γ-enolase, Mob1, PCM-1/2; specific immunoassays for these autoantibodies are currently not commercially available [1-4] |
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Clinical Relevance
First level information About Clinical Relevance & List of Abbreviations |
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▶ The AC-24 pattern has low positive predictive value for any disease. ▶ Within the spectrum of the systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD), the AC-24 pattern is found in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon, localized systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), either alone or in combination with other SSc-associated antibodies [1, 5-7]. |
| First level information references |
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| Second level information |
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▶ Possible association with infections; described in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections [8, 9]. ▶ Possible association with malignancies; autoantibodies reacting with antigens in centrosomes are frequently found in sera of patients with breast cancer [10, 11]. ▶ Autoantibodies to α-enolase, γ-enolase, Mob1, PCM-1/2, and pericentrin have been described in children with cerebellar ataxia after varicella infection; one patient with hyperthyroidism and vague muscle pain and one patient with Raynaud’s phenomenon, both without evidence of a SARD, had antibodies to α-enolase and γ-enolase [2, 3]. ▶ With respect to autoantibodies to ninein and Cep-250, there is no apparent correlation between serum autoantibody reactivity and the clinical diagnosis; reported in RA and SLE[4, 6]. Notes: Often reports describe autoantibodies directly binding to specific antigens (i.e., antigen-specific immunoassays) and do not actually show correlations with the AC-24 pattern as such; specific immunoassays for these autoantibodies are currently not commercially available. |
| Second level information references |
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1. Hamaguchi Y, Matsushita T, Hasegawa M, Ueda-Hayakawa I, Sato S, Takehara K, Fujimoto M. High incidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis patients with anti-centriole autoantibodies. Mod Rheumatol. 2015;25:798-801. 2. Fritzler MJ, Zhang M, Stinton LM, Rattner JB. Spectrum of centrosome autoantibodies in childhood varicella and post-varicella acute cerebellar ataxia. BMC Pediatr. 2003;3:11. 3. Rattner JB, Martin L, Waisman DM, Johnstone SA, Fritzler MJ. Autoantibodies to the centrosome (centriole) react with determinants present in the glycolytic enzyme enolase. J Immunol. 1991;146:2341-4. 4. Mack GJ, Rees J, Sandblom O, Balczon R, Fritzler MJ, Rattner JB. Autoantibodies to a group of centrosomal proteins in human autoimmune sera reactive with the centrosome. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:551-8. 5. Takahashi T, Asano Y, Hirakawa M, Nakamura K, Saigusa R, Aozasa N, Sumida H, Fujita H, et al. Linear scleroderma with prominent multiple lymphadenopathy followed by the development of polymyositis: A case report and review of published work. J Dermatol. 2016;43:1224-7. 6. Howng SL, Chou AK, Lin CC, Lin ZA, Wang CJ, Loh JK, Lieu AS, Yen JH, et al. Autoimmunity against hNinein, a human centrosomal protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Mol Med Rep. 2011;4:825-30. 7. Gavanescu I, Vazquez-Abad D, McCauley J, Senécal JL, Doxsey S. Centrosome proteins: a major class of autoantigens in scleroderma. J Clin Immunol. 1999;19:166-71. 8. Cimolai N, Mah D, Roland E. Anticentriolar autoantibodies in children with central nervous system manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994;57:638-9. 9. Saikia B, Kumar Y, Minz RW, Chhabra S. Anti-centriole antibody: An infectious or autoimmune process? Indian J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;29:84-7. 10. Madrid FF, Maroun MC, Olivero OA, Long M, Stark A, Grossman LI, Binder W, Dong J, et al. Autoantibodies in breast cancer sera are not epiphenomena and may participate in carcinogenesis. BMC Cancer. 2015;15:407. 11. Maroun MC, Olivero O, Lipovich L, Stark A, Tait L, Bandyopadhyay S, Burke M, Zarbo R, et al. Anti-centrosome antibodies in breast cancer are the expression of autoimmunity. Immunol Res. 2014;60:339-47. |
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